Category Archives: Foot Pain

Night Splint for Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common conditions we treat in our sports medicine clinic. Inflammation of the plantar fascia causes pain in the heel or the arch.

Plantar_Fascia_Stretch

A hallmark of plantar fasciitis, is pain when you first step out of bed in the morning. If  your first step in the morning is a pain in your heel or arch, you may want to try a plantar fascial night splint.

Night_Splint

Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Night Splint – Medium (Colors May Vary)

A plantar fascial night splint is designed to keep your foot at a 90° angle, which gently and continuously stretches the plantar fascia, minimizing contraction, that can cause morning pain.

In our clinic, we recommend patients wear the night splint three hours before going to bed, which is usually effective in eliminating their morning pain. If your pain is not alleviated with wearing the splint before you go to bed, then wear it to bed.

Here’s a video from our FDFAC YouTube channel showing you how to properly use your night splint.

If you think you have plantar fasciitis or some other similar condition, it’s important to seek treatment with your podiatrist, as a delay in treatment may make your condition worse.

Life happens. Don’t wait.

Big Toe (Pinch) Callus

At least once a week I treat a runner with painful calluses under one or both big toes. This type of callus is known as a pinch callus and typically goes unnoticed until it gets so thick a blister forms underneath it, or causes pain due to lack of cushioning from the running shoe.

Blog_Hallux_Pinch_Callus_2

Removing the pinch callus alleviates the pain, however understanding the cause is key to preventing a recurrence.

Today, a runner came in having a pinch callus and didn’t realize the cause was his unsupportive running shoes. When the foot collapses, or pronates, during running, push-off of the big toe occurs on the side of the toe as opposed to the bottom. This in turn creates friction, and when there’s skin friction, there’s callus. Using our scientific gait analysis video software, you can see how this runner’s right foot pronates significantly. This is made worse by wearing the wrong type of running shoe for his alignment.

Pronated_Runner

If you or someone you know suffers from pinch callus, don’t wait until it causes pain. Make an appointment with your Sports Medicine Podiatrist to have it shaved down. Also ask them to check your gait for excessive pronation, which may be the underlying cause.

Sometimes a more supportive shoe is all that’s needed to reduce a pinch callus buildup and sometimes custom orthotics will be necessary to reduce excessive pronation. Either way, pinch callus is not protective and should not be ignored.

Life happens. Don’t wait.

Cycling Shoes And Sesamoid Pain

Sesamoiditis is inflammation of the bones beneath the big toe joint.

Cycling can exacerbate sesamoiditis, especially when using clipless pedals (this is because your forefoot is locked in). This system provides a more efficient stroke for bikers, but if the cleat is in the wrong place or the last (shape) of the cycling shoe is different than the riders foot, then repetitive injury can occur

Sesamoiditis

This was the case with Lisa. She had been happily riding in the same version of a particular cycling shoe for years, and a change in shoe brought about symptoms of sesamoiditis.

Evaluation of her new shoe revealed that the cleat was positioned too medial (toward the midline). Note the difference between her old shoe (on the left), and her new shoe (on the right).

Image

I also discovered that the shape of her new cycling shoe was curve-lasted, whereas the shape of her old cycling shoe was straight-lasted. (And the straight-lasted design was far more compatible with her foot shape.)

Image

This combination of medial cleat placement and change in shoe last from straight to curved contributed to her painful symptoms of sesamoiditis.

If you are a cyclist who has recently experienced injury, it would be beneficial for you to evaluate your cycling shoes and cleat placement. This is especially true if new symptoms arise soon after wearing new cycling shoes, or after increasing your training frequency, duration, or intensity.

Sesamoiditis can be a challenging problem to resolve, so it’s important to seek immediate medical attention at the first sign of injury or symptoms.

The physicians and surgeons at San Francisco’s Financial District Foot & Ankle Center are experts in treating sesamoiditis, and in treating lower extremity cycling injuries in general. If you have cycling pain, give us a call today at (415) 956-2884.

Spin Class and Forefoot (Sesamoid) Pain

Reader Mary makes a good point of caution:

“I love spin cycling and wore mountain bike cycling shoes in class. I fractured my right sesamoid bone in my foot. I did not clip in–just used the cages. I haven’t been able to go back to spin cycling since the injury.”

Sesamoiditis is a common condition where one of the two bones underneath the big toe become inflamed, injured or fractured. This most commonly occurs when there is repeated, constant pressure or force applied to the sesamoids or during a one-time time traumatic event.

This image shows the anatomy of the sesamoids as they relate to the big toe joint.

Sesamoid_Anatomy

This image is of a weight-bearing x-ray, showing an intact sesamoid next to a fractured sesamoid.

Sesamoiditis

I have treated many cases of sesamoiditis and fracture that happened during spin classes. Typically, this happens when the pedal rests squarely below the forefoot or when the majority of the class is spent out of the saddle.

You may need an MRI to confirm that the fracture is healed before going back, and you will definitely need to modify your cycling form. Less standing and less resistance when you do stand will give your quads more of a workout, and will also reduce the force going through the sesamoids.

For more information regarding sesamoiditis, here’s another blog post I wrote https://drshoereviews.com/2012/01/25/sesamoiditis-2/

Cycling Shoes and Bunions

Clipless cycling shoes are notoriously tight. This is great for fit, and not so great if you have a wide forefoot or bunions. If you are a cyclist and suffer from bunions or have a wide forefoot, the following shoe-fitting recommendations should help.

Cycling_Bunion

  1. If possible, try and find shoes that don’t have a strap that tightens over the bump as seen above. Ideally, you will want to wear shoes that have either 3 straps or an offset strap away from the bump as this image shows.

Cycling_3_Straps

  1. If you already have a shoe that secures and tightens directly over the bump, simply undo the strap and avoid using it entirely as the following image shows.

Cycling_Bunions_Unsecured_Strap

Non-Slip Work Shoes for Narrow Feet

If you need a non-slip shoe for restaurant or housekeeping work and you have a narrow foot, your choices are very limited. Fortunately, Skechers makes a non-slip lace shoe for men that — even though sized medium — runs narrow. The style is called Rockland-Systemic and can be purchased from Zappos.com.

First and foremost, this shoe is great because it laces (as opposed to being a slip-on style), which is always better for the narrow foot. Also terrific is the fact that there are 6 sets of eyelets: the more eyelets there are, the better the shoe fit, especially for a narrow foot.

Skechers_Rockland_Work

Finally, there is no hourglass in the waist of the shoe, which provides support in the arch where needed most. This also makes for a stable foundation if orthotics are to be worn inside the shoe.

Skechers_Rockland_Waist

Hiking Boots & Bunions

Hiking boots are designed to resist side-to-side motion. This is typically accomplished by using a stiff upper and reinforcing the shoe both laterally and medially. Although this is great for support, it can make the shoe feel like a vice grip for those hikers having bunions or needing extra forefoot width. If you have bunions, then you will want to make sure your shoe doesn’t have additional trim over the bony prominence.

Hiker with Tailor's Bunion with hiking boot trim removed over painful area.

Hiker with Tailor’s Bunion with hiking boot trim removed over painful area.

If it does, then removing the trim can mean the difference between comfort and pain. The following image is a hiker having a Tailor’s bunion. As the image above shows, it was easy to remove the trim, making the boot more forgiving in those otherwise tight areas.

You can also modify the lacing as the last tutorial in the following video shows.

Waist Not, Want Not

The mid-arch portion of a shoe is called a waist. In general, the waist of a shoe should hourglass only minimally. The following image shows a Puma shoe with a waist that is ridiculously narrow – even for an average width foot.

Waist_Hourglass

If you excessively pronate, or have any conditions associated with excessive pronation (plantar fasciitis, posterior tibial tendonitis, Achilles tendonitis), then wearing a shoe lacking support in the waist (midfoot) could prevent you from getting better.

Next time you find yourself shoe shopping, in addition to checking the price tag on the sole of the shoe, also check the width of the waist. Having a wide waist is good for shoes, bad for cardiovascular health.

Worn Out Shoes Are Just As Dangerous As Bald Tires

I am always amazed – but not surprised – when a patient comes in with foot pain that won’t go away due to worn out shoes. Yes, I know we all get busy. Yes, I know shoes can be expensive. However, let me point out that a typical visit to your doctor will probably cost a lot more than buying new shoes.

This patient experienced increasing posterior tibial (instep) pain for more than three months. She regularly does a considerable amount of city/pavement walking, and it never occurred to her that her worn out shoes were contributing to the problem.

Supernova_Outsole_Wear
Side-by-side images of the worn shoe and a new shoe illustrate the severity of wear. Similar to tire treads, the outsole of a shoe is designed to prolong wear and protect the less durable midsole. Once the outsole is worn through, the midsole breaks down, changing the way the foot strikes the ground.

This image is of a patient who sought treatment for a painful callous on her forefoot.

Worn_Shoe_Forefoot_Callous

Evaluation of this patient’s shoes showed not only excessive forefoot and rearfoot outsole wear, but actual splitting of the forefoot outsole/midsole. This caused increased weight bearing across the forefoot, and pinpoint callous build up due to the lack of shock absorption and shoe protection in this area.

Worn_Shoe_Forefoot_Rearfoot

If your shoes are worn, it’s important to replace them. If you’re not sure if your shoes are excessively worn, review my other posts on monitoring and evaluating shoe wear. This is too important to ignore.

https://drshoereviews.com/2011/10/23/how-to-tell-when-your-athletic-shoes-are-worn-out/

https://drshoereviews.com/2013/06/30/evaluating-athletic-shoes-for-wear/

Evaluating Athletic Shoes For Wear

It always surprises me when an injured athlete comes into the office with excessively worn running shoes and doesn’t know how old they are. Were the shoes purchased six months ago, a year ago? Has the athlete been wearing the shoes for more than a year?

Even though many factors contribute to wear, I always instruct my patients to write the purchase date of their shoes directly on the shoe insole underneath the sock liner to at least give them an awareness of shoe age and wear.

Shoe_Purchase_Date_Inside

I then tell them to check for signs of wear every month starting at month six using the following YouTube video I produced as a guide:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&list=PL8FBD9F2021569064&v=ylgzgbzC9i4 .

Although excessive shoe wear can still occur, it is less likely to occur when using the above methods as opposed to simply replacing the shoes after an arbitrary 300 or 500 miles.

When Zero Drop Doesn’t Work

Zero drop minimalist shoes are all the rage right now. Unfortunately, just because a shoe has zero height differential — between the ball of the foot and heel — doesn’t mean it will work for you.

Case in point: One patient I saw today is an ultrarunner who switched from a structured shoe to a zero drop minimalist style two years ago to reduce unilateral infrapatellar pain. Fortunately, the pain resolved, but within the last several months he started to experience increasingly painful peroneal (outer foot) pain and medial (inner) meniscal knee pain. He did not have either pain prior to training in the zero drop shoes.

A quick evaluation of his zero drop shoes, identified an hourglass-shaped midsole/outsole.

Minimalist_Medial

The arrow shows the narrow midsole width and the rectangle shows how much of his midfoot was only being supported by the upper (25%). This significant lack of support mid-arch caused his arch to negatively drop below the plane of the heel and forefoot, altering his knee and foot mechanics enough to produce compensatory pain in other areas.

The following image shows the top view of his foot in the shoe. As you can see the grey midsole disappears from the entire arch — and this is where support is needed the most.

Minimalist_Hourglass_Medial

If you’re running in minimalist or zero drop shoes, you will still want to match the shoe to your foot type — otherwise new injuries can occur.

Shoe Review – Altra Instinct™

I have had several runners in my office asking me to evaluate to evaluate their Altra™ running shoes. As much as I want to recommend this shoe, I just can’t. There are too many runners for whom the fit and structure of this shoe is incompatible, as the following video shows.

Bump on The Top of Foot – Part 3

I have previously blogged about top of the foot bumps, Part 1 and Part 2. Prior posts addressed bony prominences (exostosis) causing bumps, but there can also be fluid filled cysts which arise from tendons or joints called ganglions, causing a bump.

Differentiation between the two can be determined by physical examination, x-rays, ultrasound and/or MRI. Typically, ganglions move beneath the skin whereas an exostosis does not. Fortunately, both conditions are benign, but if you have a bump on the top of your foot, you will still want to have it evaluated by a podiatrist.

Treatment for a ganglion include  extracting the cyst fluid contents with a syringe, followed by steroid infiltration or surgical excision.

The following video shows an in-office surgical excision of a ganglion by my colleague, Dr. Anthony Nguyen.

Minimalist Running Shoe Recommendations

Let me first say that I am not a fan of minimalist running for the majority of my patients. Having said that, “just don’t do it” is not an acceptable directive to runners who are going to run in minimalist shoes in spite of what I recommend. Due to this, I have reluctantly learned to evaluate minimalist running shoes. Not surprisingly, the best way to do this utilizes some of the same principles I use when evaluating non-minimalist styles.

First and foremost, does the shoe match the runner’s foot type? Unfortunately, most minimalist shoes only come in medium widths and none are available in narrow widths. This excludes up to 50 percent of the runners who need a narrow or wide width running shoe. Second, does the shoe make the runner’s stride, shock absorption and/or pathology better or, at the very least, not worse?

Armed with the answers to these simple questions, my colleague Samantha Gibson, Bsc(Hon) and I have evaluated over 50 models of minimalist running shoes on hundreds of runners with differing biomechanics, pathologies and foot types. Based on this, we have created a minimalist shoe list to give to patients to use as a guide and educational tool. It’s not a perfect list but at least these shoes have our preliminary seal of approval, which is important, given the constraints we are forced to deal with when recommending minimalist shoes.

Minimalist Shoe List

Once a minimalist shoe has been selected, I will evaluate the patient running barefoot, running in the minimalist shoe and running in an appropriately structured shoe. Based on this analysis, I will recommend whether someone is a candidate to wear minimalist running shoes or not.

Additional blog posts on barefoot and minimalist running are as follows and provide more of my thoughts about minimalist running:

https://drshoereviews.com/2009/12/04/barefoot-running/

http://www.podiatrytoday.com/blogged/why-recommending-barefoot-running-alternative-injured-runners-can-be-reckless-proposition

http://www.podiatrytoday.com/blogged/minimalist-shoes-and-injuries-keys-diagnosis-and-patient-education

Turf Toe Taping for Hallux (Big Toe) Injuries

Injuries of the big toe joint resulting in pain are common. Causes include — sesamoiditis, turf toe, hallux limitus, stub injuries and even bunions. Fortunately, many of these injuries respond to immobilization using 1″ althletic tape

3-Point Test To Use When Evaluating Running Shoes

In this video, Scottish podiatrist Samantha Gibson shows you how to evaluate your running shoes before purchase and after wearing. It’s easy, it’s quick and – if you’ve had foot pain due to excessive pronation – the 3-Point test can really help. Please note: although we consider these points running shoe must-haves, this test can be used with non-running shoes as well.

How to Find A Sports Medicine Podiatrist

Readers often ask me how to help them find a good sports medicine podiatrist. Because all podiatrists are not created equal, I created this video as a guide to help you. It’s also important to remember that you do have choices  when deciding your healthcare and you should not settle for less than total satisfaction.

Roller Derby – Ball Of The Foot Pain

Emily of Boston Derby Dames asks:

Can you recommend any resources for how to tape this injury (sesamoiditis) to minimize discomfort while skating? I’m waiting on orthotics but would really hate to put my roller derby career on hold until I have them.

Although taping helps for many derby-related aches and pain, it’s better to use off-weighting padding for painful sesamoids. The following video shows you how to do this yourself using 1/8″ adhesive felt (pink, black or white). If you’re unable to locate a source for this, contact me through the blog to order.

As an alternative, you can visit a sports medicine podiatrist, who should be able to make a custom pad or orthotic for your skates as well.

Here are my other derby posts with more to follow in the future:

https://drshoe.wordpress.com/2011/11/08/roller-derby-custom-shoe-laces/

https://drshoe.wordpress.com/2009/04/16/roller-derby-outside-of-the-foot-swelling-bursae/

https://drshoe.wordpress.com/2008/08/11/skating-boots-modifications-part-2/

https://drshoe.wordpress.com/2008/08/05/skating-pain-bay-area-roller-derby-girls/

Shoe Review – Specialized© Expert Road Cycling Shoes

It can be a challenge to find a cycling shoe wide enough to accommodate a bunion. A patient came in today with Specialized© Expert Road cycling shoe, which has mesh in the forefoot, making it not only lightweight but ideal for a bunion as well.

This shoe runs wide, but if you still need a little more forefoot room you can always remove the leather overlying the mesh, since this is simply stitched on.

This shoe will also accommodate an orthotic. $200 suggested retail. There is a entry-level version, Comp Road, at $150; and a higher end  version, Pro Road, at $285.

Sprains, Strains and Pains: What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You

I am constantly amazed when patients come into my busy sports medicine practice with pain from a sprain or strain, who — because they can walk — assume nothing could be broken or seriously injured.

Just today, I treated a torn plantar fascia, a heel fracture, a sesamoid fracture and a metatarsal fracture — and every single one of those patients believed they were suffering from nothing more than a simple sprain.

I talk about this in the following video and hope that — after watching — whether you twist your ankle, stub your toe or even just plant your foot the wrong way and it continues to hurt or swell, you’ll seek treatment right away.